Sources & bibliography

• Real Pirates Salem — Week 2 field-trip partner when FT1 runs. Address: 285 Derby Street, Salem, MA 01970 (walking distance from Collins MS).
• Expedition Whydah / Whydah Pirate Museum — the source collection and Kinkor's former research center. Address: 674 MA-28, West Yarmouth, MA 02673 (12,000 sq ft, opened 2016, includes life-size replica and the SeaLab conservation lab).
• Peabody Essex Museum — Ward Family Papers on Salem's slave-trade involvement
• Salem Maritime National Historic Site — walking distance from Collins MS

• Cotton Mather, "Instructions to the Living, from the Condition of the Dead" (1717) — the execution sermon, primary source for the S11 survivor coda
• Cyprian Southack's chart of New England — the 1717 map Clifford used to find the wreck
• Massachusetts Historical Society — End of Piracy — Boston trials context
• Leventhal Map Center — "X" Marks the Spot — Southack and Clifford story

The Whydah and crew

• Whydah Gally
• Samuel Bellamy
• John King (the boy pirate)
• Paulsgrave Williams
• Benjamin Hornigold
• Blackbeard (Edward Teach)
• Flying Gang

Discovery and scholarship

• Barry Clifford
• Ken Kinkor
• Cyprian Southack

Cartography and navigation

• Mercator projection
• John Harrison and the longitude problem
• Trade winds
• Herman Moll
• Pirate code
• Bartholomew Roberts
• A General History of the Pyrates (Johnson 1724)

Atlantic world and slavery

• Golden Age of Piracy
• Triangular trade
• Ouidah (the port the Whydah was named after)
• Kingdom of Whydah
• Nauset / Punonakanit (Wampanoag)

Salem and local

• Salem Maritime National Historical Park

• NPS — Salem's Maritime Economy of Slavery
• NEHS — How the Slave Trade Took Root in New England
• NEHS — Black Sam Bellamy, The Pirate Who Fought Smart
• Streets of Salem — The Dark Side of Old Salem
• Real Pirates Salem — Salem maritime history overview
• Real Pirates Salem — The Trial of the Whydah Pirates
• Pirates & Privateers — Cotton Mather, Preacher to the Pirates
• Pirates & Privateers — John King the Teenage Pirate
• Cindy Vallar, Pirates & Privateers — specialist site that quotes Trial of Eight Persons depositions with page citations, working from Baer's edition. Source for the Davis / Hoof / Dunavan deposition spotlights above.
• Laura Nelson, Whydah Pirates Speak / Peter Cornelius Hoof blog — the leading modern primary-source researcher on Whydah crew biographies. Specific entries on each named crew member with deposition excerpts.

• Marcus Rediker — Villains of All Nations (author's site)
• Review — The Lakefront Historian (source of the Rediker critique we cite)
• H-Net review of Villains of All Nations
• Clifford, Kinkor & Simpson, Real Pirates: The Untold Story of the Whydah (National Geographic, 2007) — library / bookstore
• Colin Woodard, The Republic of Pirates (2007) — library / bookstore
• Marcus Rediker, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (1987) — on sailor labor and culture

• Golden Age of Piracy — navigational instruments of the era
• Royal Museums Greenwich — Harrison's clocks and the longitude problem
• Science Museum London — Where in the World? The Mathematics of Navigation — the longitude problem and the lunar-distance method explained, including the history of "computers" as the women and children who did astronomical hand-calculation.
• Encyclopedia.com — Mercator revolution in nautical navigation
• Journal 18 — Herman Moll's pocket globes and pirate connections
• Transport Geography — 18th-century Atlantic colonial trade pattern
• NOAA Mariners Weather Log — navigation tools

• Slavery and Remembrance — Ouidah
• Slavery and Remembrance — Atlantic Ocean
• British Tars — Mortality at sea
• British Tars — Seamen's wages
• Encyclopedia.com — Seamen wages
• Old Operating Theatre — Life at sea, working conditions

The African end of the Whydah voyage — material culture

• Martha J. Ehrlich, "Early Akan Gold from the Wreck of the Whydah," African Arts 22, no. 4 (Aug 1989): 52–57, 87–88 — keystone peer-reviewed scholarly source on the Akan/Asante origins of the Whydah's gold ornaments. Documents the "scrap gold by weight" finding (clipped, folded, hole-punched ornaments mutilated for the bullion trade) and identifies the Whydah collection as the earliest reliably dated group of Akan gold ornaments anywhere. Solid
• Timothy F. Garrard, Akan Weights and the Gold Trade (Longman, 1980) — foundational reference on the Akan gold trade.
• Timothy F. Garrard, Gold of Africa (Prestel, 1989) — broader museum survey, published the same year as Ehrlich.
• Willem Bosman, A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea (1705; Cass reprint 1967) — primary 1705 trader's account of the Gold Coast, contemporary with the Whydah era.
• Jean Barbot, A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea (London, 1732) — drawings and engravings that are Ehrlich's comparison standard for pre-1874 Akan ornaments.

• First People of Wellfleet, Truro & Eastham (Nauset, Pamet, Punonakanit)
• NPS Cape Cod — Nauset Archaeological District

• Smithsonian Magazine — Six Skeletons Found in Whydah wreck
• National Geographic — Still finding treasure from the Whydah
• National Underwater Marine Agency — The Bad Ship Whydah Gally
• National Maritime Historical Society — Boy Pirate John King
• History News Network — Remains of youngest recorded pirate
• MassMoments — Underwater Explorer Proves Wreck is Whydah
• Smithsonian — The Gentleman Pirate (Stede Bonnet)